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democratic socialism

Introduction

The Democratic Socialist Project aims to investigate the practice of democratic socialism in the twenty-first century, and to undertake a global survey of its strength and prospects. In carrying out this study we are seeking to answer a simple question: might democratic socialism provide the basis for a new global movement and an effective response to the rise of the far right?

We start with a significant challenge. “A consistent theory of DS […] does not yet exist.” 1 In fact, definitions of the term vary so widely2 that some analysts have argued it has no practical use. To make matters worse, 'democratic' and 'socialist' are both contentious terms in their own right.

We have opted for a realist/materialist solution here. Rather than trying to weave disparate strands together, we have begun with a working definition derived from the practice of two organizations that identify as democratic socialist: the Democratic Socialists of America and Die Linke in Germany. Draft profiles of these two organizations are available here, and more will be added over the course of the survey and subsequent review.

Working definition
Democratic socialism is a political movement in which members build support and organization for social justice and economic democracy. It differs from most 20th century socialism in three important ways:

1) Members seek influence through elections as well as organizing to challenge and replace the underlying capitalist system. This duality often confuses analysts. In some cases, parties endorse and support independent candidates, rather than fielding a slate under their own name.


2) Members reject control from above and seek new forms of leadership and collective decision-making through participative democracy.


3) The organization accepts factions (aka caucuses), which organize with a high degree of autonomy around particular causes and identitifications, such as eco-socialists, feminists, decolonisation activists, LGBTQ+ activists, Marxists, trade union activists, etc. Such groups can openly contend (alongside independent members) for influence within the governance structure.

Taken together, these three things mean that democratic socialist groups can adapt rapidly to changing circumstances. However, such adaptability can also make these groups difficult to classify, and easy to misrepresent.

The survey

Over the course of 2026, the Democratic Socialist Project is intending to survey more than 130 organizations around the world that self-identify (or are popularly identified) as democratic socialist. Subject to the survey findings and participants' permission, we will generate a profile for each of these organizations. The list includes:

Country Organization* Formed Members
Afghanistan Hezb-e Hambastagi-ye Afghanistan / The Solidarity Party of Afghanistan 2004 30,000
Albania Lëvizja Bashkë / The Together Movement 2022 ...
Argentina Partido Intransigente / The Intransigent Party 1972 ...
Belgium Partij van de Arbeid van België / The Workers’ Party of Belgium 1979 26,000 (2023)
Brazil Partido Socialismo e Liberdade / The Socialism and Liberty Party 2004 290,000 (2019)
Bulgaria Българската левица / The Bulgarian Left 2009 6,000 (2012)
Canada The Democratic Socialists of Canada 2020 ...
Chile Frente Amplio / The Broad Front 2024 61,000 (2024)
Colombia Polo Democrático / The Alternative Democratic Pole 2005 ...
Costa Rica Frente Amplio / The Broad Front Party 2004 ...
Croatia Radnička Fronta / The Workers' Front 2014 ...
Czech Republic Levice / The Left 2020 ...
Denmark Enhedslisten / De Rød-Grønne / Unity List – the Red–Green Alliance 1989 10,000 (2019)
Denmark Socialistisk Folkeparti / The Green Left 1959 8,995 (2022)
Ecuador Movimiento Revolución Ciudadana / The Citizen Revolution Movement 2018 200,000 (2022)
Egypt Hizb Al-Tahalof Al-Shaeby Al-Ishtiraky / The Socialist Popular Alliance Party 2011 ...
Eswatini Insika Yenkhululeko YemaSwati / The People's United Democratic Movement / Pudemo 1983 ...
Finland Vasemmistoliitto / The Left Alliance 1990 11,500 (2020)
France La France Insoumise / France Unbowed 2016 500,000 (2021)
France Génération.s 2017 50,000 (2018)
France Mouvement de Progressistes / The Movement of Progressives 2009 ...
Germany Die Linke / The Left Party 2007 120,000 (2025)
Greece MeRA25 / The European Realistic Disobedience Front 2018 10,000 to 15,000 (2023)
Guyana The Working People's Alliance 1974 ...
Honduras Libertad y Refundación / The Liberty and Refoundation / Libre 2011 ...
Hungary Igen Szolidaritás Magyarországért Mozgalom / The Yes Solidarity for Hungary Movement / ISZOMM 2020 ...
Iceland Sósíalistaflokkurinn / The Socialist Party of Iceland 2017 ...
Iceland Vinstri Græn / The Left-Green Movement 1999 ...
India The Samajwadi Party 1992 ...
India The Socialist Party ... ...
Italy Sinistra Italiana / The Italian Left 2015 20,000 (2017)
Japan 日本共産党 / The Japanese Communist Party 1922 250,000 (2024)
Japan 新社会党 / The New Socialist Party of Japan 1996 ...
Luxembourg Déi Lénk / The Left 1999 ...
Mauritius Muvman Liberater / The Liberator Movement 2014 ...
Mexico Partido de la Revolución Democrática / Party of the Democratic Revolution 1989 999,249 (2023)
Moldova Partidul Acțiunii Comune – Congresul Civic / The Common Action Party - Civil Congress 2019 5,518 (2020)
Morocco Parti Socialiste Unifié / The Unified Socialist Party 2005 ...
Nepal Janata Samajbadi Party / The People's Socialist Party 2024 ...
The Netherlands Socialistische Partij / The Socialist Party 1971 29,000 (2025)
North Macedonia Социјалистичка партија на Македонија / The Socialist Party of Macedonia 1990 ...
Norway Rødt / The Red Party 2007 13,131 (2024)
Pakistan عوامی ورکرز پارٹی / The Awami Workers' Party 2012 >5,000 (2018)
The Philippines Akbayan / The Akbayan Citizens' Action Party 1998 ≈200,000
Poland Akcja Socjalistyczna / Socialist Action 2020? ...
Poland Partia Razem / The Together Party 2015 <3,000 (2023)
Poland Polska Partia Socjalistyczna / The Polish Socialist Party 1987 ...
Portugal Bloco de Esquerda / The Left Bloc 1999 10,000 (2022)
St Vincent & the Grenadines The Unity Labour Party 1994 ...
Serbia Партија радикалне левице / The Party of the Radical Left 2020 ...
Slovakia Socialisti.sk 2019 ...
Slovenia Levica / The Left 2014 ...
South Africa Abahlali baseMjondolo / The Residents of the Shacks 2005 ...
South Korea 노동당 / The Labor Party 2013 11,045 (2020)
Spain Podemos 2014 ...
Sweden Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti / The Swedish Social Democratic Party 1889 78,257 (2023)
Sweden Vänsterpartiet / The Left Party 1917 27,000 (2023)
Taiwan 人民民主黨 / The People's Democratic Party 2011 ...
Timor-Leste Frente Revolucionária do Timor-Leste Independente / Fretilin 1974 ...
Tunisia Ḥarakat ed-Dīmoqrāṭiyīn el-Ishtirākiyīn / The Movement of Socialist Democrats 1981 ...
Turkey Halkların Demokratik Partisi / The Peoples' Democratic Party 2012 ...
Turkey Yeşiller ve Sol Gelecek Partisi / The Party of Greens and the Left Future 2023 ...
United Kingdom The Green Party of England and Wales 1990 ...
United Kingdom Your Party 2025 50,000 (2025)
United States of America The Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism 1991 ...
United States of America The Democratic Socialists of America 1982 85,000 (2025)
Uruguay Partido Socialista del Uruguay / The Socialist Party of Uruguay 1910 85,000 (2025)
* The extent to which some of these groups fit our working definition is still to be determined; we expect this list to change over the course of the survey.

Important:
Please note that we do not intend to survey mainstream social democratic organizations (ie not socialist), nor autocratic/patrimonial organizations (ie not democratic). Nor will we look at coalitions or groups that have dissolved into electoral alliances. In most cases we exclude single-issue groups or those whose membership is restricted by region, religion or cultural identity. If you can help us with corrections or updates, we'd love to hear from you! Contact form.

Regional and international bodies

As well as the national bodies listed above, there are also various regional and international alliances on the democratic/left spectrum. Although none of these identifies specifically as democratic socialist, several of them include a high proportion of democratic socialist members, most notably:

Progressive InternationalProgressive International
“We are workers, peasants, and peoples of the world rising up against the reactionary forces of authoritarian oligarchy. Our aim is international organization: to combine forces across borders in order to reclaim the planet as our own.”
Member organisations are listed here: https://progressive.international/members
Party of the European LeftParty of the European Left
“...we stand united with grassroots organizations, left wing and progressives parties, trade unions and of course – you. With your support, we’re determined to reshape European policy. We’re carving a path toward a Europe that’s peaceful, socially just, environmentally conscious, feminist, and anti-racist.”
Member organisations are listed here: https://www.european-left.org/about-us/our-parties/
Now the PeopleNow the People (Europe only)
“Together with popular movements, we fight for social and climate justice, solidarity, equality and democracy in Europe. We embody the main counter force to austerity and liberal policies imposed by the right-wing for decades. We fight for a Europe that puts people’s needs before the interests of multinationals.”
Member organisations are listed here: https://nowthepeople.eu/
The European Left AllianceThe European Left Alliance
“A project for economic and social justice in which everyone would contribute according to their income and where wealth is redistributed. A project to really combat global warming and its severe consequences and to protect nature while supporting working-people in the transition.”
Member organisations are listed here: https://leftalliance.eu/news/a-new-left-european-political-party-to-better-resist-act-and-hope/
The Sao Paulo ForumThe São Paulo Forum (mostly Latin American and Caribbean countries)
Participants in this conference include democratic socialist and social-democratic parties, left-wing grassroots labor and social movements, ethnic and environmentalist groups, anti-imperialist and nationalist organizations and communist parties, united in struggle against neoliberalism. Most participants are based in Latin America or the Caribbean.
Member organisations are listed here: https://forodesaopaulo.org/partidos-4/

About


People who have assisted in the development of this project and the framing up of the survey include:

• Peter Hall-Jones (project admin and communications)
• Dr Sue Bradford, PhD, DipJ (project consultant)
• Dr Vincent Wijeysingha, PhD, BA, PGDip, RSW (project consultant)
• Dr Terence Wood, PhD, MDS (survey consultant)


    Notes

  1. This quote (Michael Harrington et al, Socialism, New York 1972; HDS eds) is taken from a fairly comprehensive historical summary of the term 'democratic socialism' published by the Rosa Luxemberg Foundation, accessible here.
  2. Some analysts and reference works use the expression almost interchangeably with social democracy. The U.K. Labour Party, for instance, identifies the party as such on the back of their membership card. The World Population Review identifies 19 liberal democracies as democratic socialist. Others apply it more narrowly to describe the Nordic countries, or those socialist parties that seek some form of revolution through the ballot box. Most definitions place it at some point on a linear scale between social democracy and socialism, ignoring its inherently pluralist nature. More.