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Introduction

The Democratic Socialist Project aims to investigate the practice of democratic socialism in the twenty-first century, and to undertake a global survey of its strength and prospects.

We start with a significant challenge. “A consistent theory of DS […] does not yet exist.” 1 In fact, definitions of the term vary so widely2 that some analysts have argued it has no practical application. To make matters worse, 'democratic' and 'socialist' are both contentious terms in their own right.

We have opted for a realist/materialist solution here. Rather than trying to weave disparate strands together, we have begun with a working definition derived from the practice of two organizations that identify as democratic socialist: the Democratic Socialists of America and Die Linke in Germany. Profiles of these and other organizations are available here, and more will be added over the course of the survey.

Working definition
Democratic socialism is a political movement in which members build support and organization for social justice and economic democracy. It differs from most 20th century models of socialism in three important ways:


1) Members seek influence through elections as well as organizing to challenge and replace the underlying capitalist system. This duality often confuses analysts. In some cases, parties endorse and support independent candidates, rather than fielding a slate under their own name.


2) Members reject control from above and seek new forms of leadership and collective decision-making through participative democracy.


3) The organization accepts factions (aka caucuses) if these arise, such as eco-socialists, feminists, decolonisation activists, LGBTQ+ activists, Marxists, trade union activists, etc. Such groups can openly contend (alongside independent members) for influence within the governance structure.

Taken together, these three things mean that democratic socialist groups can develop dynamically as circumstances change. However, such adaptability can also make these groups difficult to classify, and easy to misrepresent.

The Survey

Over the course of 2026, the Democratic Socialist Project is intending to survey more than 170 organizations around the world that self-identify (or are popularly identified) as democratic socialist. Where possible we will also generate a profile for each of these organizations. The list includes:

Country Organization* Formed Members
Australia The Socialist Alliance 2001 1,650 (2021)
Austria Der Wandel / Change 2012 ...
Belgium Mouvement Demain / The Tomorrow Movement 2017 1,500
Belgium Partij van de Arbeid van België / The Workers’ Party of Belgium 1979 25,000 (2024)
Bolivia Movimiento al Socialismo / The Movement for Socialism 1997 1,082,645 (2025)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Radničko-komunistička partija Bosne i Hercegovine / The Workers' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2000 ...
Brazil Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra / The Landless Workers Movement 1984 1,500,000 (2007)
Brazil Partido Socialismo e Liberdade / The Socialism and Liberty Party 2004 290,000 (2019)
Bulgaria Българската левица / The Bulgarian Left 2009 6,000 (2012)
Canada The Democratic Socialists of Canada 2020 ...
Chile Frente Amplio / The Broad Front 2024 61,000 (2024)
Costa Rica Frente Amplio / The Broad Front Party 2004 ...
Croatia Radnička Fronta / The Workers' Front 2014 ...
Czech Republic Levice / The Left 2020 ...
Denmark Enhedslisten / De Rød-Grønne / Unity List – the Red–Green Alliance 1989 10,000 (2019)
Denmark Socialistisk Folkeparti / The Green Left 1959 8,995 (2022)
Ecuador Movimiento Revolución Ciudadana / The Citizen Revolution Movement 2018 200,000 (2022)
Egypt Eish we Horria / The Bread and Freedom Party 2013 ...
Eswatini Insika Yenkhululeko YemaSwati / The People's United Democratic Movement / Pudemo 1983 ...
Finland Vasemmistoliitto / The Left Alliance 1990 11,500 (2020)
France Génération.s 2017 50,000 (2018)
Germany Die Linke / The Left Party 2007 120,000 (2025)
Honduras Libertad y Refundación / The Liberty and Refoundation / Libre 2011 ...
Hungary Igen Szolidaritás Magyarországért Mozgalom / The Yes Solidarity for Hungary Movement / ISZOMM 2020 ...
Iceland Sósíalistaflokkurinn / The Socialist Party of Iceland 2017 ...
Japan 新社会党 / The New Socialist Party of Japan 1996 ...
Lithuania KArtu / Together 2022 2,093 (2024)
Luxembourg Déi Lénk / The Left 1999 650 (2023)
Malaysia Parti Sosialis Malaysia / The Socialist Party of Malaysia 1998 ...
Mauritius Mouvement Militant Mauricien / The Mauritian Militant Movement 1969 ...
Mexico Partido del Trabajo / The Labor Party 1990 ...
Moldova Partidul Acțiunii Comune – Congresul Civic / The Common Action Party - Civil Congress 2019 5,518 (2020)
Norway Rødt / The Red Party 2007 13,131 (2024)
Pakistan عوامی ورکرز پارٹی / The Awami Workers' Party 2012 >5,000 (2018)
Poland Akcja Socjalistyczna / Socialist Action 2020? ...
Poland Polska Partia Socjalistyczna / The Polish Socialist Party 1987 ...
Portugal Bloco de Esquerda / The Left Bloc 1999 10,000 (2022)
Puerto Rico Movimiento Socialista de los Trabajadores / The Workers' Socialist Movement 1982 ...
Serbia Партија радикалне левице / The Party of the Radical Left 2020 ...
Slovakia Socialisti.sk 2019 ...
Slovenia Levica / The Left 2014 ...
South Africa Abahlali baseMjondolo / The Residents of the Shacks 2005 180,000 (2025)
Spain Podemos 2014 ...
Sweden Vänsterpartiet / The Left Party 1917 27,000 (2023)
Syria Ḥizb al-Ba‘th al-Dīmuqrāṭī al-‘Arabī al-Ishtirākī / The Arab Democratic Socialist Ba'ath Party 1970 ...
Taiwan 人民民主黨 / The People's Democratic Party 2011 ...
Tanzania Chama cha Wazalendo / The Alliance for Change and Transparency 2014 ...
Timor-Leste Frente Revolucionária do Timor-Leste Independente / Fretilin 1974 ...
Tunisia Ḥarakat ed-Dīmoqrāṭiyīn el-Ishtirākiyīn / The Movement of Socialist Democrats 1981 ...
Turkey Halkların Demokratik Partisi / The Peoples' Democratic Party 2012 14,539 (2025)
Turkey Yeşiller ve Sol Gelecek Partisi / The Green Left Party 2023 ...
United Kingdom Your Party 2025 55,000 (2025)
United States of America The Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism 1991 ...
United States of America The Democratic Socialists of America 1982 85,000 (2025)
* The extent to which some of these groups fit our working definition is still to be determined; we expect this list to change over the course of the survey.

Important:
This list was last substantially revised in January 2026.
Please note that we do not intend to survey mainstream social democratic organizations (ie not socialist), nor autocratic/patrimonial organizations (ie not democratic). Nor will we look at coalitions or groups that have dissolved into electoral alliances. In most cases we exclude groups whose membership is restricted by region, religion or cultural identity. If you can help us with corrections or updates, we'd love to hear from you! Contact form.

Regional and international bodies

As well as the national bodies listed above, there are also various regional and international alliances on the democratic/left spectrum. None of these identifies specifically as democratic socialist, however several of them include a high proportion of democratic socialist members, most notably:

Progressive InternationalProgressive International
“We are workers, peasants, and peoples of the world rising up against the reactionary forces of authoritarian oligarchy. Our aim is international organization: to combine forces across borders in order to reclaim the planet as our own.”
Member organisations are listed here: https://progressive.international/members
Global Ecosocialist NetworkGlobal Ecosocialist Network
"The Global Ecosocialist Network is an international association of socialists formed in response to the catastrophic ecological crisis rapidly engulfing our world."
Member organisations are listed here: http://www.globalecosocialistnetwork.net/category/affiliatedgroups/
International People's AssemblyInternational People's Assembly
The International Peoples' Assembly is a global network of people's organizations, social movements, political parties, and trade unions.
Member organisations are listed here: https://ipa-aip.org/who-we-are/
Party of the European LeftParty of the European Left
“...we stand united with grassroots organizations, left wing and progressives parties, trade unions and of course – you. With your support, we’re determined to reshape European policy. We’re carving a path toward a Europe that’s peaceful, socially just, environmentally conscious, feminist, and anti-racist.”
Member organisations are listed here: https://www.european-left.org/about-us/our-parties/
Now the PeopleNow the People (Europe only)
“Together with popular movements, we fight for social and climate justice, solidarity, equality and democracy in Europe. We embody the main counter force to austerity and liberal policies imposed by the right-wing for decades. We fight for a Europe that puts people’s needs before the interests of multinationals.”
Member organisations are listed here: https://nowthepeople.eu/
The European Left AllianceThe European Left Alliance
“A project for economic and social justice in which everyone would contribute according to their income and where wealth is redistributed. A project to really combat global warming and its severe consequences and to protect nature while supporting working-people in the transition.”
Member organisations are listed here: https://leftalliance.eu/news/a-new-left-european-political-party-to-better-resist-act-and-hope/
The Sao Paulo ForumThe São Paulo Forum (mostly Latin American and Caribbean countries)
Participants in this conference include democratic socialist and social-democratic parties, left-wing grassroots labor and social movements, ethnic and environmentalist groups, anti-imperialist and nationalist organizations and communist parties, united in struggle against neoliberalism. Most participants are based in Latin America or the Caribbean.
Member organisations are listed here: https://forodesaopaulo.org/partidos-4/

About


People who have assisted in the development of this project and the framing up of the survey include:

• Peter Hall-Jones (project admin and communications)
Dr Sue Bradford, PhD, DipJ (project consultant)
Dr Vincent Wijeysingha, PhD, BA, PGDip, RSW (project consultant)
• Dr Terence Wood, PhD, MDS (survey consultant)

Context

Figure 1: Distribution of income/wealth across the world's population


Figure 2: The richest 0.001% own three times more than the bottom 50%


Figure 3: Average annual wealth growth over the past 30 years


Figure 4: Income by world population decile, 1820-2023


Figure 5: Annual CO2 emissions continue to increase rapidly


Figure 6: Survey of 22 developed countries:

"The way my country’s economy works should prioritise the health and wellbeing of people and nature rather than focusing solely on profit and increasing wealth in my country."


Figure 7: Survey of 22 developed countries:

"Do you support a wealth tax on wealthy people to fund changes to our economies and lifestyles?"


Figure 8: Surveying people's feelings about the world we live in (2025)

"The wealthy's selfishness causes many of our problems"
Agreed:

"The wealthy don't pay their fair share of taxes"
Agreed:

"Compared to today, the next generation will be better off"
Agreed:


Figure 9: Surveying people's feelings about the world we live in (2020)

"I do not have confidence that our current leaders will be able to successfully address our country's challenges"
Agreed:

"Capitalism as it exists today does more harm than good in the world"
Agreed:

Country-level support for the statement: "Capitalism as it exists today does more harm than good in the world":


Figure 10: State of the global workplace

(The numbers in boxes represent % change from 2024 data)


Figure 11: Tracking the world's emotional health


Figure 12. Findings from the Global Rights Index 2025, produced by the International Trade Union Confederation:

In 2025 workers had no access or reduced access to justice in 72% of countries, a sharp increase from 65% in 2024.

The right to strike was violated in 87% of countries.

Attacks on the rights to free speech and assembly were reported in 45% of countries.

The right to the legal registration of unions was impeded in 74% of countries.

The right to collective bargaining was restricted in 80% of countries.

Authorities in 71 countries arrested and/or imprisoned workers, almost twice the rate recorded in 2014.

Workers in 3 out of 4 countries were denied the right to freedom of association and to organise.


Figure 13: Worldwide decline of freedom


Figure 14: Fifty percent of survey respondents in 28 countries think: "socialist ideals are of great value for societal progress"


Figure 15: Where's the magic money tree? Part I

Almost $US 9 trillion is hidden away in the top 10 tax havens.


Figure 16: Where's the magic money tree? Part II

Without the investment in global violence, another world is possible.



    Notes

  1. This quote (from Michael Harrington et al, Socialism, New York 1972; HDS eds) is taken from a fairly comprehensive historical summary of the term 'democratic socialism', published by the Rosa Luxemberg Foundation in 2024 and accessible here.
  2. Some organizations, analysts and reference works use the expression 'democratic socialism' almost interchangeably with social democracy. The U.K. Labour Party, for instance, identifies itself (per clause IV) as a democratic socialist party. The World Population Review identifies 19 liberal democracies as 'democratic socialist'. Others apply the term more narrowly to describe only the Nordic countries, or those socialist parties that seek some form of revolution solely through the electoral system. Usage has also changed significantly over time. Many commentators place democratic socialism somewhere on a linear scale between social democracy and socialism, ignoring its primary socialist core and inherently pluralist nature. Usage history. The working definition we use is in keeping with definitions put forward by Wikipedia, the Encyclopedia Britannica and Merriam Webster dictionary.